Latest Judgments of the Federal Court
Here you will find the most recent judgments of the Federal Court (BGer) from bger.ch. For the first three judgments, we present detailed summaries including facts, considerations, and dispositives. For the other judgments, you will find a summary of the facts. The complete summaries of all judgments are available on the Lexplorer portal. There you can configure your newsletter and receive the latest judgments tailored to your areas of law.
5A_91/2025: Partial Approval of the Complaint Regarding Maintenance Contributions
Summary of Facts
A.________ (born 1973) and B.________ (born 1974) married in 2014 and have a child together (born May 31, 2014). After A.________ left the marital home in May 2020, he requested the imposition of property law protective measures. The lower court obligated A.________ to pay significant maintenance contributions to B.________. In 2022, the Federal Court overturned an earlier judgment and referred the case back to the lower court for clarification of A.________'s financial circumstances. In 2024, the lower court again awarded higher maintenance contributions, against which A.________ filed a complaint.
Summary of Considerations
- **E.1:** The complaint meets the admissibility requirements according to BGG (including timely submission, sufficient substantive justification, and subject matter jurisdiction). - **E.2:** The Federal Court examines whether the lower court decided in accordance with the considerations of the 2022 judgment. - **E.3:** The lower court must consider all relevant tax positions, including wealth tax, in determining taxable income. Since it is unclear whether this has been done, the judgment is overturned in this respect. - **E.4:** Furthermore, A.________ criticizes the calculation of B.________'s tax burden, particularly the inclusion of contributions made for the child. However, this criticism is rejected as it has already been legally assessed. - **E.5:** In calculating B.________'s standard of living, a faulty basis was used regarding certain expenses. These positions need to be corrected. - **E.6:** The lower court did not adequately examine the question of A.________'s potential savings, which now needs to be addressed. - **E.7:** Regarding the distribution of costs for the child's curator, the regulation of the lower court is confirmed as it appears appropriate. - **E.8:** The decision is partially overturned and referred back to the lower court for reassessment regarding the maintenance contributions.
Summary of Dispositive
The complaint was partially upheld, and the lower court's judgment regarding the maintenance contributions was overturned and referred back for reassessment. The court fees were split, and the lower court must make a new decision on the cost arrangement in the cantonal proceedings.
9C_85/2026: Inadmissibility of the Complaint Regarding Health Insurance
Summary of Facts
SWICA Health Insurance AG obliged the complainant A.________ to pay outstanding premiums and cost contributions for the years 2023 and 2024, including default interest and fees. The lower court, the insurance court of the canton of Aargau, partially affirmed the payment obligation and determined the amount. The complaint filed before the Federal Court aimed to overturn the judgment and refer the case back for reassessment.
Summary of Considerations
The lower court compelled A.________ to pay outstanding amounts, partially lifted the legal objection, and specified the sums for individual items (e.g., cost contributions, default interest, reminder fees, collection fees). A.________ requested the overturning of the judgment referencing further evidence and asserting the non-existence of debts. The party designation was corrected based on the commercial register entry, as the claims are attributable to SWICA Health Insurance AG and not SWICA Health Organization. The Federal Court required a clear substantiation of the legal violation by the complainant according to Art. 42 para. 1-2 BGG. It found that the lower court had carefully examined and justified the decisive factual elements. A.________'s claim that a payment agreement had been overlooked proved to be incorrect. The lower court addressed all essential circumstances, particularly the payment delay. The complaint did not meet the legal minimum requirements for justification. Therefore, the Federal Court did not consider the complaint. Due to the lack of a valid complaint, the request for free legal assistance was rejected. However, the court costs were waived due to circumstances.
Summary of Dispositive
The Federal Court did not consider the complaint and rejected the request for free legal assistance. No court costs were incurred, and the judgment was formally communicated to the relevant parties.
1C_83/2025: Judgment on the Building Permit for an Entrance Hall, Balcony Replacement, and a Privacy Screen
Summary of Facts
The complainant, owner of a property in Hofstetten-Flüh, applied for a building permit for a covered entrance hall with a balcony replacement and a privacy screen. The building commission denied the permit for the entrance hall due to a lack of structural separation from the existing building and granted approval only for the privacy screen and the balcony demolition. The lower courts (Department of Construction and Justice and the Administrative Court) confirmed the rejection of the entrance hall and additionally denied the permitting of the privacy screen and balcony replacement. The matter was again brought before the Federal Court.
Summary of Considerations
The complaint is to be admitted since there are no exclusion reasons according to Art. 83 BGG and the complainant as the applicant is a legitimate party. The Federal Court examines the application of cantonal law for arbitrariness and clarifies that the objection must be specified accordingly. The property is located in a residential zone with a two-story and single-story building area specified by the design plan, which requires a constructive separation between the structures. The planned constructions do not meet the requirements of the design plan. In particular, there is a lack of sufficient structural, visual, and functional separation between the two-story main building and the entrance hall, which is qualified as a winter garden. The balcony replacement is not permitable as it is based on the entrance hall, which cannot be approved. The plans do not show an independent construction of the balcony replacement. The planned privacy screen violates municipal special construction regulations, as enclosures are only permissible as green elements or high-stemmed trees along the property boundaries. The interpretations and findings made by the lower court are not to be regarded as arbitrary and withstand legal scrutiny.
Summary of Dispositive
The complaint is dismissed, the court costs are imposed on the complainant, and he is obliged to pay the complainant's compensation to the opposing party. The judgment will be communicated to the parties and authorities.
5A_625/2025: Repeal of a Sequestration
Summary of Facts
A.________ and B.________, both real estate professionals based in Monaco, entered into a "Protocol of Agreement" to develop joint real estate projects in Monaco. A dispute arose over the financial settlement and the interpretation of the protocol, particularly after the sale of a property ("www") for 26 million euros. A.________ requested a sequestration on B.________'s assets in Switzerland based on this protocol. The sequestration was initially ordered but later lifted in cantonal proceedings.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
1C_120/2025: Decision on Building Permit and Change of Party in the Proceedings
Summary of Facts
The Building Committee of Hinwil approved the new construction of an apartment building for A.________ AG on January 23, 2023. Several parties appealed to the Building Appeal Court of the canton of Zurich, which consolidated the appeals and granted the request. The Administrative Court of the canton of Zurich confirmed this decision on December 12, 2024. A.________ AG subsequently filed a complaint before the Federal Court. The subject of the proceedings included the change of party and the legitimacy of legal successors in the proceedings.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
2C_443/2025: Recognition of a Foreign Educational Qualification and Compensatory Measures
Summary of Facts
The complainant A.________ seeks recognition of his emergency medical technician diploma, obtained in Germany, as a rescue paramedic in Switzerland. The Swiss Red Cross established adjustment measures (six-month adjustment course with an additional training of 20 days or a qualifying exam). After a lengthy process and several decisions by the Federal Administrative Court and the State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SBFI), a final decision was made by the Federal Court.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
7B_1393/2025: Not Considering Complaints Regarding Advance Payment of Official Fees and Asset Seizure
Summary of Facts
A.A.________ and her husband B.A.________ filed complaints against decisions of the Cantonal Court of Bern regarding advance payments of official fee invoices, asset seizure, and delays/refusals of justice.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
4A_655/2025: Withdrawal of the Complaint
Summary of Facts
The complainant, A.________ SA, had filed a complaint against a judgment of the Cantonal Court of Zurich, II. Civil Chamber, dated November 14, 2025. However, in a letter dated February 5, 2026, she withdrew her complaint.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
7B_1247/2025: Not Considering the Complaint Related to Defamation
Summary of Facts
The Public Prosecutor's Office III of the canton of Zurich did not initiate criminal investigations against five accused individuals regarding defamation. The complainant appealed against these decisions to the Cantonal Court of Zurich, which did not consider the complaint due to insufficient justification of the submission. The complainant challenged this decision in the Federal Court.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
8C_322/2025: Inadmissibility of the Complaint Regarding Accident Insurance
Summary of Facts
An insured person working as a nurse claimed benefits from accident insurance after contracting Covid-19 in the course of his professional activity. Bâloise Insurance initially acknowledged an occupational disease and granted a disability pension as well as a compensation for integrity, but later revised its position. The lower court overturned the decision to the extent that it denied benefits for somatic complaints and confirmed the denial of these regarding psychological complaints.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
9F_22/2025: Revision of a Judgment Regarding State and Municipal Taxes
Summary of Facts
A petitioner (A.________) requested the Federal Court to revise the judgment 9C_525/2024 dated May 13, 2025, which related to the valuation of a property and state and municipal taxes of the canton of Thurgau. The revision request did not contain a legally compliant justification and was submitted only after the legally prescribed deadline.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
4D_3/2026: Not Considering a Complaint Regarding Free Legal Assistance
Summary of Facts
A complainant contested decisions of the single judge at the Cantonal Court of Zug and the Cantonal Court of Zug regarding free legal assistance. The Cantonal Court dismissed the proceedings as moot, and the Cantonal Court rejected the complaint, additionally stating that the request would also have to be dismissed due to lack of need. The complainant then filed a complaint with the Federal Court, which did not address it due to insufficient justification.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
5A_45/2026: Inadmissibility of the Complaint
Summary of Facts
The complainant, A.________, submitted a request for interpretation and correction of the dispositive of a previous decision of the Cour des poursuites et faillites of the canton of Vaud dated April 24, 2023. This was denied by decision of December 31, 2025. She filed a complaint with the Federal Court against the latter decision.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
1C_503/2025: Authorization for the Conduct of a Criminal Proceeding
Summary of Facts
A.A.________ AG and A.B.________ AG filed a criminal complaint against C.________, a professor at the University of St. Gallen. He and a co-author had claimed in a study that A.A.________ AG had manipulated its business reports. The allegations were also discussed in articles by NZZ. The indictment chamber of the canton of St. Gallen refused to grant authorization to open a criminal proceeding. The complainants filed a complaint in matters of public law and requested the granting of authorization, which had to be examined by the Federal Court.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
9C_67/2026: Not Considering the Complaint Due to Insufficient Justification
Summary of Facts
A.________ was pursued by Serafe AG for non-payment of the radio and television fee. After various administrative and judicial proceedings, the Federal Administrative Court did not consider A.________'s complaint due to non-payment of a cost advance. A.________ subsequently filed a complaint with the Federal Court.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
5A_982/2025: Decision Regarding Formal Errors in Complaint Submission and Excessive Formalism
Summary of Facts
In a proceeding regarding measures in the context of a divorce proceeding, a legal remedy (appeal) was submitted by a lawyer with a formal error, as the remedy was originally signed by a non-licensed legal intern. After a reminder from the lower court, the error was not corrected within the set deadline, leading to the appeal being declared inadmissible. The affected party contested this decision with a complaint to the Federal Court, particularly citing excessive formalism and a violation of the principle of good faith.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
5A_745/2025: Inadmissibility of the Enforcement Law Complaint Against a Final Report in Bankruptcy Proceedings
Summary of Facts
A.________ AG in liquidation wanted to challenge the final report of the bankruptcy office of the canton of Zug dated December 10, 2024, as well as the judicial order dated December 11, 2024, which closed the bankruptcy proceedings. It particularly criticized the deletion of its entry in the commercial register and argued that the pending arbitration between D.________ and B.________ Inc. affects the bankruptcy proceedings. The Cantonal Court of Zug did not consider the enforcement law complaint, reasoning that the party was no longer capable of acting due to the deletion in the commercial register, and such a final report could not be the subject of an enforcement law complaint.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
2C_711/2025: Revocation of the Residence Permit EU/EFTA of a Greek National
Summary of Facts
The complainant, a Greek national, received a residence permit EU/EFTA for self-employment in Switzerland. The Migration Office of the canton of Zurich revoked the permit due to a lack of actual self-employment, even before reaching retirement age, and ordered expulsion. The Administrative Court of the canton of Zurich confirmed this decision. The complainant filed a public law complaint with the Federal Court.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
9C_655/2025: Judgment on the Tax Liability of a Legal Entity Regarding State and Municipal Taxes
Summary of Facts
The complainant, a legal entity based in the canton of Nidwalden with the main purpose of managing and renting properties, was assessed by the tax office of the canton of Solothurn for the tax periods 2015, 2017, and 2018. Regarding 2015, a capital gain of CHF 200,000 from a property was accounted for. For the tax periods 2017 and 2018, an assessment was made at the discretion of the office, as the complainant had not submitted tax returns. The lower court had rejected the appeals.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
7B_219/2025: Judgment on the Complaint Against the Seizure of Airsoft Guns
Summary of Facts
A.________ was provisionally arrested in connection with a criminal proceeding for attempted intentional homicide. On September 11, 2024, several airsoft guns were seized in his apartment and seized on November 6, 2024, according to Art. 31 para. 1 lit. b WG. The Court of Appeal of the canton of Basel-Stadt lifted the seizure but referred the seized weapons for further decision to the Cantonal Weapons Office, confirming potential destruction or disposal. The complainant requested the return of the weapons and claimed a violation of his legal rights.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
7B_1287/2025: Dismissal of the Complaint for Consolidation of Criminal Proceedings
Summary of Facts
A defendant (A.________), against whom several criminal proceedings are ongoing in the canton of Vaud for various offenses such as fraud (Art. 146 para. 1 StGB), attempted fraud (Art. 22 para. 1 in conjunction with Art. 146 para. 1 StGB), and attempted coercion (Art. 22 para. 1 in conjunction with Art. 181 StGB), requested the consolidation of all proceedings. The competent authorities rejected this request, after which the defendant filed a complaint with the Federal Court.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
4A_26/2026: Inadmissibility of a Complaint in Relation to an Employment Contract
Summary of Facts
The complainant filed a complaint against the decision and judgment of the Cantonal Court of Zurich, which dismissed the complainant's appeal and dismissed a request for the restoration of the deadline. This complaint concerned, among other things, the subject of an employment contract.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
4D_187/2025: Inadmissibility of a Complaint Concerning a Fine
Summary of Facts
The complainant was fined CHF 500.00 by the conciliation authority for failing to appear at a conciliation hearing. A complaint filed against this was not addressed by the Cantonal Court of Bern, as the complainant was represented by a person without representation rights. The complainant subsequently filed a complaint with the Federal Court.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
9C_70/2026: Judgment on Health Insurance
Summary of Facts
The complainant A.________ appealed against a judgment of the insurance court of the canton of Aargau, which obliged him to pay outstanding premiums, cost contributions, interest, reminder fees, and collection costs to the opposing party SWICA Health Insurance AG. He requested the overturning of the lower court's decision as well as free legal assistance.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
9C_130/2025: Judgment on the Duty to Perform in Professional Pension
Summary of Facts
The complainant, A.________, was employed by the canton of Aargau during two different periods and was insured in the occupational pension scheme with the Aargau Pension Fund (APK). After the end of her second employment, she reapplied for benefits from the disability insurance (IV), which granted her a half disability pension starting January 1, 2018. However, the APK rejected its obligation to provide a disability pension from the occupational pension scheme. The complainant's lawsuit was dismissed by the insurance court of the canton of Aargau, and she subsequently filed a complaint with the Federal Court.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
4A_33/2026: Withdrawal of the Complaint in a Tenancy Matter
Summary of Facts
The complaint from A.________ concerned a judgment of the Chambre des baux et loyers of the Cour de justice of the canton of Geneva dated November 27, 2025, in a tenancy dispute. The complainant withdrew the complaint filed on January 23, 2026, according to a notice from his legal representative dated February 10, 2026.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
9C_653/2025: Inadmissibility of the Complaint Against Tax Evasion
Summary of Facts
The complainants (two taxpayers) were fined by the cantonal tax office of Geneva for tax evasion in the tax periods 2014–2018 and attempted tax evasion in the tax period 2019. The proceedings followed based on information from the automatic exchange of information, indicating that they held life insurance policies with a foreign company. The cantonal tax office changed the assessment due to tax evasion based on negligence after an objection. The lower courts – the Tribunal Administratif de Première Instance (TAPI) and the Cour de Justice – confirmed the essential points of the taxation and penalty assessment. The complainants disputed before the Federal Court a tax evasion by negligence.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
4A_632/2025: Inadmissibility: Not Considering the Complaint Due to Insufficient Justification
Summary of Facts
This case concerns the liquidation of C.________ AG pursuant to Art. 731b OR due to organizational deficiencies. The other party involved, B.________, had applied for the liquidation at the Cantonal Court of Zug. The complainant, who holds a 38% stake in C.________ AG, reacted in the proceedings with various submissions. The Cantonal Court of Zug ultimately dissolved the company and ordered its liquidation according to the provisions of bankruptcy law. The complainant unsuccessfully attempted to have the appeal deadline restored at the Cantonal Court of Zug. Both the request for restoration of the deadline and the appeal were rejected or not considered. The complainant filed a complaint with the Federal Court against this decision.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
9C_10/2026: Not Considering a Complaint Against a Compensation Order According to Art. 52 AHVG
Summary of Facts
The social insurance institution Aargau did not consider A.________'s objection against a decision of the compensation office regarding compensation according to Art. 52 AHVG in the amount of CHF 36,376, as it was insufficiently justified. The insurance court of the canton of Aargau rejected the complaint against the objection decision. A.________ then filed a public law complaint with the Federal Court requesting the overturning of the lower court's judgment and the objection decision and the denial of organizational liability under Art. 52 AHVG.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
2C_58/2025: Request for Mutual Legal Assistance in Tax Matters and Its Relationship to a Parallel ICSID Arbitration
Summary of Facts
The complainant, A.________, submitted a request for mutual legal assistance against the final decision of the Federal Tax Administration (ESTV), which granted a request for mutual legal assistance from the Georgian tax authorities. At the same time, the complainant was conducting an arbitration proceeding before the ICSID based on an investment protection agreement between Switzerland and Georgia. She claimed that the request for mutual legal assistance was politically motivated and violated the principle of good faith. The lower court rejected the complaint and confirmed the granting of mutual legal assistance.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
5A_840/2025: Complaint Against the Decision Not to Consider the Bankruptcy Conclusion of a Corporation
Summary of Facts
The Cantonal Court of Zug declared the bankruptcy proceedings for A.________ AG in liquidation closed on December 11, 2024. A.________ AG in liquidation filed a complaint against this decision, which the Cantonal Court of Zug dismissed on August 21, 2025, due to lack of capacity to act and material relevance. The present complaint in civil matters was directed against this decision.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
5A_203/2025: Divorce and Maintenance Contributions
Summary of Facts
This case involves a marriage and family law dispute, particularly regarding questions of maintenance contributions for the children after the divorce. There was disagreement between the divorced spouses (A.A. as the complainant and B.A. as the opposing party) regarding the allocation of custody as well as the amount of maintenance payments. A previous judgment of the Federal Court had obligated the cantonal instance to explicitly clarify custody and residence of the children.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
9C_717/2025: Inadmissibility of the Complaint
Summary of Facts
The complainant A.________ appealed against a decision of the Tribunal cantonal of the canton of Vaud dated December 17, 2025. The subject of the dispute was whether a claim of CHF 824,191, acquired during an estate administration by the complainant, should be included in the asset tax assessment for the tax period 2023.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
1C_136/2025: Judgment on Access to Official Documents Under the Public Access Act
Summary of Facts
The party PARAT submitted a request to the Administrative Court of the canton of Zug for access to various official documents concerning aspects of data processing and their security. The Administrative Court answered some questions in general and rejected the request in other respects. PARAT filed a complaint with the Federal Court demanding the annulment of the administrative court decision and referral for reassessment.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.
9C_647/2024: Tax Qualification of Income from Activities Abroad
Summary of Facts
The complainant, a lawyer from the canton of St. Gallen, earned income from activities in Liechtenstein in 2015. These stemmed from two simple partnerships as well as three trust companies. The Cantonal Tax Office of St. Gallen and later the lower courts qualified part of the income as dependent employment and subjected it to tax liability in Switzerland. The complainant particularly argued that this income stemmed from self-employment and business operations abroad, which is why it should not be taxable in Switzerland.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the Portal.