Latest Judgments of the Federal Court
Here you will find the most recent judgments of the Federal Court (BGer) from bger.ch. For the first three judgments, we present detailed summaries including facts, considerations, and rulings. For the other judgments, you will find a summary of the facts. The complete summaries of all judgments are available on the portal of Lexplorer. There you can configure your newsletter and receive the latest judgments tailored to your areas of law.
1C_705/2025: Order regarding the withdrawal of a voting rights complaint related to the cantonal referendum
Summary of the Facts
Karl Hotz filed a voting rights complaint on November 24, 2025, against the referendum of November 30, 2025, regarding the partial amendment of the hospital law of the Canton of Schaffhausen. He requested the postponement of the vote. The complaint was forwarded to the Federal Court for jurisdictional reasons. The President of the I. Public Law Division rejected the request for postponement by order dated November 26, 2025, and set deadlines for the payment of a cost advance and for comments by the parties involved. On November 28, 2025, the complainant withdrew his complaint.
Summary of the Considerations
The complaint was withdrawn by the complainant on November 28, 2025. According to Art. 32 para. 2 BGG, the procedure is therefore considered completed. In view of the circumstances, the imposition of court costs is waived (Art. 66 para. 1 and 2 BGG). No party compensation is to be provided (Art. 68 BGG).
Summary of the Ruling
The procedure is dismissed due to the withdrawal of the complaint, no costs are incurred, and the order is communicated to the parties involved.
1C_595/2025: Judgment regarding voting complaint related to the referendum on the E-ID law
Summary of the Facts
Ramon Kübler filed a voting complaint with the cantonal government of Thurgau concerning the nationwide referendum of September 28, 2025, regarding the E-ID law. He requested the annulment of the voting results and the declaration of the vote as null or invalid. The cantonal government decided on October 6, 2025, not to consider the complaint, as the deadline for filing complaints according to Art. 77 para. 2 BPR was not met and the alleged irregularities had cross-cantonal effects. Kübler subsequently filed a complaint regarding voting rights with the Federal Court.
Summary of the Considerations
- **E.1:** The complainant argues that he adhered to the complaint deadline by personally dropping the complaint in the mailbox of the city administration of Frauenfeld on the last day before midnight. The Federal Court doubts whether personal delivery would be valid but leaves this question open. - **E.2:** The court of first instance also did not consider the voting complaint because the irregularities had cross-cantonal effects. The Federal Court states that such issues can generally be examined by it if they have already been addressed in the cantonal proceedings. - **E.3:** The complaint does not meet the reasoning requirements according to Art. 42 para. 2 BGG, as the complainant's allegations are general, unsubstantiated, and partially incomprehensible. It is not clear how his political rights may have been violated during the referendum.
Summary of the Ruling
The complaint is declared inadmissible, and the court costs are imposed on the complainant, without awarding party compensation.
6B_220/2025: Judgment on attempted intentional homicide and expulsion
Summary of the Facts
The complainant was accused of attempted intentional homicide and multiple bodily injury after he stabbed the complainant with a kitchen knife, causing serious injury and requiring emergency surgery. The lower courts sentenced the complainant to a prison term of five and a half years, a six-year expulsion, and compensation payments.
Summary of the Considerations
**E.1**: The files were obtained ex officio, and the request for procedural access by the complainant is fulfilled. **E.2**: There were no serious errors in the official defense of the complainant, and the request for the repetition of all hearings was denied. No right to procedural dismissal of the indictment was found. **E.3 to E.6**: Arbitrary in the determination of the facts was denied. The sentence was determined based on the eventual intent, the high degree of fault, and the danger posed by the perpetrator. The complainant's request for a milder sentence due to criminal record excerpts, reduced culpability, and other circumstances was denied. The lower court's assessment of the self-defense argument and the qualification as attempted intentional homicide was confirmed. **E.7**: The expulsion for six years was confirmed, as no severe hardship was present. The complainant and his family, who are Kosovo citizens, can live in Kosovo. It was considered that the lower court made sufficient assessments of the public interest. **E.8**: The civil claims of the complainant and the cost orders in the cantonal proceedings remain unchanged, as the requested acquittal did not occur.
Summary of the Ruling
The complaint was dismissed, and the court costs were imposed on the complainant. The dismissal of the civil claims and the unchanged cost orders in the cantonal proceedings were noted.
8C_649/2025: Inadmissibility of the complaint
Summary of the Facts
The complainant A.________ filed a complaint against a decision of the Administrative and Public Law Court of the Cantonal Court of Vaud dated September 30, 2025. The court of first instance had declared the complaint against a notice from the Directorate General of Social Cohesion (DGCS) dated March 31, 2025, inadmissible and had dismissed further complaints against a decision of the DGCS dated May 6, 2025, as well as a decision on precautionary measures from the DGCS dated July 24, 2025, as unfounded. The dispute mainly concerned issues related to support in the area of social assistance, particularly in connection with the assumption of electricity costs.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
8C_458/2025: Assignment of an employer to a UVG insurer by the replacement fund
Summary of the Facts
The Groupe Mutuel terminated the "Accident Insurance according to UVG" for A.________ AG at the end of 2024. The insurance broker of A.________ AG requested the assignment of a new insurer from the UVG replacement fund, as three UVG insurers had declined. The replacement fund assigned A.________ AG to SWICA Insurance AG. SWICA opposed the assignment but was confirmed by the decision of the appeal and the cantonal court. It then appealed to the Federal Court.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
7B_1212/2025: Decision on complaints due to non-admissibility
Summary of the Facts
The complainant filed criminal complaints for misappropriation and coercion, as well as for alleged violations of personality rights, which were not taken up by the Zurich-Limmat Public Prosecutor's Office with orders dated March 10, 2025, and June 17, 2025. This was confirmed by the High Court of the Canton of Zurich. Before the Federal Court, the complainant requested the appeal against these decisions but did not sufficiently demonstrate his standing to appeal and the violation of procedural rights.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
4A_664/2024: Judgment on the distribution contract and damage claims
Summary of the Facts
A distribution contract was concluded between A.________ AG and B.________ LLC regarding outstanding invoices and damage claims. A.________ AG had stopped paying invoices due to B.________ LLC from January 2019. B.________ LLC asserted outstanding purchase price claims, while A.________ AG brought counterclaims as set-offs, which were accepted only partially by the court of first instance. The Commercial Court of the Canton of Zurich partially upheld the original claim and dismissed the counterclaims for damages asserted by the complainant. The Federal Court reviewed the present complaint against the judgment of the Commercial Court.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
1C_594/2025: Judgment on the challenge of a building permit for the construction of a masonry wall
Summary of the Facts
The legal dispute concerns the construction of a wall on the property of the respondent in Bellinzona, which impairs the use of a path by the complainant and access to a semi-underground room. The construction project was approved by the municipal council, and the complainant and another owner raised objections against it. The cantonal authorities and the Administrative Court dismissed the complaints, as there were no public law obstacles.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
1C_605/2025: Inadmissibility of the voting complaint regarding the federal referendum on the E-ID law
Summary of the Facts
Martin Walder filed a voting complaint on October 1, 2025, with the cantonal government of Aargau against the federal referendum of September 28, 2025, regarding the Federal Act on electronic identification and other electronic proofs (E-ID law). He requested the voting results to be declared null or invalid, or alternatively to dismiss the procedure. The cantonal government rejected the complaint as far as it considered it and decided not to consider complaints with cross-cantonal effects. The complaint was subsequently escalated to the Federal Court on October 15, 2025.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
4A_205/2025: Decision on the rental contract and resulting damages
Summary of the Facts
A lease agreement for a villa in Mont-sur-Lausanne was concluded between the parties. After changes to the contract and several changes of ownership, there was water damage due to flooding in October 2016. The tenants claimed significant damages and terminated the lease due to defects. The landlord made claims for outstanding rents against it.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
1C_673/2025: Order regarding the cantonal referendum on the partial amendment of the hospital law
Summary of the Facts
Jennifer Iseli filed a voting rights complaint on November 7, 2025, regarding the cantonal referendum of November 30, 2025, on the partial amendment of the hospital law in the Canton of Schaffhausen. She requested precautionary measures, including the suspension of the vote or the postponement of the publication of the voting results. The State Chancellery of the Canton of Schaffhausen forwarded the complaint to the Federal Court for jurisdictional reasons. Following an order from the President of the I. Public Law Division on November 13, 2025, rejecting the precautionary measures and further procedural steps, the complainant withdrew her complaint on November 20, 2025.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
4A_569/2025: Inadmissibility of the complaint against interim decision
Summary of the Facts
B.________ Sàrl filed a petition on November 29, 2024, with the Tribunal de première instance in Geneva according to Art. 731b OR against A.________ SA and requested the appointment of a commissioner to represent A.________ SA. The court of first instance ordered on April 25, 2025, the appointment of lawyer C.________ as commissioner. A.________ SA then requested the recusal of the judge due to alleged bias. The first-instance decision was challenged by complaint to the Civil Chamber of the Court of Justice of the Canton of Geneva but declared inadmissible due to the lack of demonstration of an irreparable disadvantage.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
8C_313/2024: Decision regarding the revision of a disability pension
Summary of the Facts
The complainant, who has been receiving a full disability pension since 1992, was repeatedly medically assessed over the years and reviewed by the IV office for the existence of a revision reason. Following a multidisciplinary expert report in 2016, further medical reports, and failed integration measures, the disability degree was reduced from previously 100% to 58% in 2022 and finally to 41% by the court of first instance. The complainant appealed this decision to the Federal Court, requesting the continuation of the original full pension.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
8C_648/2025: Decision on the admissibility of a social welfare complaint
Summary of the Facts
The complainant, A.________, filed a complaint against the decision of the cantonal administrative court (Tribunal cantonal of the Canton of Vaud, Department of Public Law), which had dismissed his social welfare complaint. The Federal Court examined the admissibility of this complaint, particularly regarding the timely submission.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
4A_559/2025: Judgment regarding the expulsion request and free legal aid
Summary of the Facts
The complainant was ordered by the District Court of Emmental-Oberaargau to vacate her apartment in clear cases. She unsuccessfully appealed to the High Court of the Canton of Bern and the Federal Court, where she also requested free legal aid. The subject of the Federal Court judgment was the question of the admissibility requirements of the complaint and the granting of free legal aid.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
1C_249/2025: Judgment on the recusal request of a court clerk at the Administrative Court of the Canton of Zug
Summary of the Facts
The complainant A.________, owner of a road parcel, filed a recusal request against the court clerk F.________ of the Administrative Court of the Canton of Zug, as he questioned her impartiality due to possible prior involvement and personal connection to the law firm of the representative of the respondents. The recusal request was denied by the court of first instance, after which A.________ appealed to the Federal Court.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
4A_508/2025: Decision regarding definitive legal enforcement and free legal aid
Summary of the Facts
The Federal Court reviews a complaint from the complainant against a decision of the High Court of the Canton of Bern, which granted definitive legal enforcement for maintenance amounts of CHF 45,133 and dismissed the request for free legal aid. The complaint to the Federal Court does not meet the reasoning requirements. A request from the complainant for free legal aid for the proceedings at the Federal Court and for the appointment of a free legal advisor is also pending.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
1C_551/2025: Review of alleged delayed justice in connection with an inter-municipal planning process in the Canton of Ticino
Summary of the Facts
The complainants A.________ and B.________ filed a complaint on October 15, 2020, against the decision of the government council of the Canton of Ticino dated September 9, 2020, which approved the inter-municipal zoning plan PR-CIPPS of the municipalities of Collina d'Oro, Grancia, and Lugano. Despite repeated requests, the Administrative Court of the Canton of Ticino had not decided or otherwise addressed the complaint by September 2025. The complainants therefore filed a complaint regarding delayed justice with the Federal Court.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
7B_933/2025: Non-admission of the complaint due to insufficient reasoning
Summary of the Facts
The complainant A.________ filed a complaint against the discontinuation order of the Public Prosecutor's Office, Department 1 Lucerne, dated May 26, 2025. However, the Cantonal Court of Lucerne did not consider it on July 10, 2025. The complainant's submission was then forwarded by the Cantonal Court according to Art. 48 para. 3 BGG to the Federal Court, which accepted it as a complaint in criminal matters.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
4A_235/2025: Judgment regarding the challenge of an international arbitration award concerning coal purchase contracts
Summary of the Facts
The parties disputed the conclusion and validity of coal purchase contracts (2021 contracts), which contained an arbitration clause. While the respondent claimed that the contracts were legally valid and the complainant had violated them, the complainant disputed the effectiveness of the contracts and the arbitration proceedings, arguing that no consent was present and no representation existed during the decisive contract conclusion phase. The relevant arbitration tribunal found that the contractual conditions were met and that the contract had been bindingly concluded. Accordingly, it ordered the complainant to pay USD 1,515,000 plus interest.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
5A_996/2025: Review of the validity of deliveries in enforcement proceedings
Summary of the Facts
The complainant A.________ questioned the validity of the delivery of three enforcement documents: a seizure protocol from May 13, 2024, a payment order from May 16, 2024, and a garnishment protocol from July 2, 2025. These documents could not be delivered due to their alleged inaccessibility in Croatia and were instead delivered by police at her residence in the Canton of Ticino, which she rejected. The cantonal authority declared A.________'s complaint against this delivery inadmissible and imposed a fine.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
1C_684/2025: Driver's license withdrawal – Non-admission of the complaint
Summary of the Facts
The complainant was permanently deprived of his driver's license for motor vehicles and the boat driver's license by the Road Traffic and Shipping Office of the Canton of Bern. After several instances and the finality of a ruling by the Appeals Commission of the Canton of Bern on December 11, 2024, the complainant submitted new requests, which were treated by the Appeals Commission as a request for revision and subsequently denied. The complaint raised against this to the Federal Court did not meet the legal reasoning requirements and will therefore not be handled.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
1C_585/2025: Complaint in voting rights matters regarding the referendum on the E-ID law
Summary of the Facts
Richard Koller submitted a voting complaint concerning the federal referendum of September 28, 2025, on the E-ID law. He requested the annulment of the ballot in the event of acceptance and criticized that the Federal Council's explanations for the vote violated Art. 10a and Art. 11 BPR as well as Art. 34 para. 2 BV. The cantonal government of Bern did not consider the voting complaint. Koller subsequently filed a complaint in voting rights matters with the Federal Court, which also issued a non-admittance decision.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
2C_649/2025: Non-admission of the complaint
Summary of the Facts
This case relates to an administrative dispute concerning a request for mutual assistance from the Spanish tax authority ("Agencia Tributaria"), which concerned information regarding A.________ for the period 2015 to 2018. Based on Art. 25bis of the double taxation agreement between Switzerland and Spain (DBA CH-ES), the Federal Tax Administration (ESTV) granted the mutual assistance, which was challenged by the complainant before the Federal Administrative Court. The Federal Administrative Court rejected the complaint. Before the Federal Court, the core question was whether the lower courts had made errors or whether a "question of fundamental importance" exists.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
6B_776/2024: Federal Court judgment on human trafficking and coercion
Summary of the Facts
The Basel-Stadt Criminal Court sentenced A.________ to 39 months in prison and a fine for multiple qualified human trafficking, with the appeal being partially upheld. The Appeals Court acquitted him of several charges and reduced the prison sentence to two years. The Public Prosecutor's Office appeals with the aim of convicting A.________ to a higher prison sentence and rejecting the Public Prosecutor's appeal.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
1C_604/2025: Inadmissibility of the voting complaint regarding the federal referendum on the E-ID law
Summary of the Facts
Thomas Markus Keller directed a voting complaint to the Cantonal Commission of Appenzell Innerrhoden, in which he alleged irregularities in the federal referendum of September 28, 2025, regarding the Federal Act on electronic identification (E-ID law). He demanded the annulment of the vote. The Cantonal Commission did not consider the complaint on October 8, 2025, as the alleged irregularities would have cross-cantonal effects. Keller filed a complaint in voting rights matters with the Federal Court.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
6B_773/2025: Judgment on the complaint against conviction for attempted intentional homicide and expulsion
Summary of the Facts
The Federal Court is dealing with a criminal complaint from the complainant A.________ against a judgment of the High Court of the Canton of Zurich regarding a conviction for attempted intentional homicide, the order of an expulsion, and the obligation to compensate. A.________ primarily requests his acquittal, alternatively a reduction of his sentence, and sub-alternatively a waiver of the expulsion.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
7B_65/2023: Complaint against the decision on confiscation and compensation of third parties
Summary of the Facts
The Federal Court assesses a complaint from A.________, B.________ Ltd, C.________ Ltd, D.________ Ltd, and E.________ Ltd against a decision of the Appeals Chamber of the Federal Criminal Court. This had partially confirmed a confiscation and a compensation claim by the Federal Criminal Court and partially revoked it, as well as referred the question of compensation for unjustified seizures back to the Federal Criminal Court for assessment.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
7B_738/2025: Inadmissibility of the complaint
Summary of the Facts
The Federal Court is dealing with a complaint from A.A.________ against a decision of the Criminal Appeals Court of the Cantonal Tribunal of Vaud dated June 19, 2025. The court of first instance partially revoked a discontinuation order of the Public Prosecutor's Office of the district of Eastern Vaud and referred the matter back for further handling. The subject of the dispute is a procedure for property damage, with A.A.________ appearing as the accused following a confrontation with B.________.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
2C_650/2025: Decision on mutual assistance and inadmissibility
Summary of the Facts
On December 16, 2020, the Spanish tax authority submitted six requests for mutual assistance regarding the taxpayer E.________ for the period 2015–2018, based on Art. 25bis of the double taxation agreement (DBA) between Switzerland and Spain. The Federal Tax Administration (ESTV) issued several disclosure orders and granted mutual assistance on February 25, 2022. E.________, along with other parties involved, challenged this decision before the Federal Administrative Court (BVGer). In a judgment dated October 2, 2025, the BVGer dismissed the complaint. A major point of contention was the allegation of a possible conflict of interest within the Spanish authority, as its officials allegedly received performance-based compensation. In a complaint to the Federal Court, the complainants centrally requested the annulment of the judgment and, alternatively, the redaction of the names of payment recipients.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
7B_1209/2025: Decision regarding the extension of pre-trial detention
Summary of the Facts
The complainant, a French citizen, was arrested on June 21, 2025, and has since been in pre-trial detention. He is accused of serious robbery by threatening with a knife and violation of the narcotics law. The lower courts extended the pre-trial detention due to concrete flight risk until December 19, 2025. The complainant requested the Federal Court to lift the extension and grant his immediate release, alternatively under the condition of substitute measures (e.g. monthly bail of 1,000 euros, control reports, etc.).
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
7B_826/2025: Decision on the admissibility of a complaint regarding the denial of conditional release
Summary of the Facts
A.________ filed a complaint against a cantonal decision dated July 31, 2025, which confirmed the denial of his conditional release by the Office d'exécution des peines (OEP) of the Canton of Vaud. This denial was based, among other things, on the fact that the conditional release was assessed as premature due to his recent placement in closed Curabilis and his treatment. A.________ brought another complaint before the Federal Court, which was declared insufficiently motivated and thus inadmissible according to the ruling.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
4A_551/2025: Dismissal of the rental mediation procedure: Non-admission of the complaint
Summary of the Facts
The complainant, A.________, challenged the termination of his 2.5-room apartment and requested the declaration of its ineffectiveness, or alternatively, the extension of the rental agreement. The mediation authority for rental matters of the Canton of Schaffhausen initially set a mediation date, which it postponed due to a medical absence notice from the complainant. The complainant did not appear for the replacement date, after which the mediation authority declared his request withdrawn. The complainant filed an appeal, which was dismissed by the High Court of the Canton of Schaffhausen. The complainant then filed a complaint with the Federal Court, which was not addressed due to insufficient reasoning.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
1C_601/2025: Inadmissibility of federal voting explanations
Summary of the Facts
Michael Riggenbach filed a voting complaint with the cantonal government of Bern, requesting the invalidity and repetition of the vote, as well as a new vote count by independent bodies. His complaint concerned the federal referendum on the Federal Act on electronic identification. The cantonal government did not consider the complaint, referring to the non-challengeability of federal voting explanations and the cross-cantonal nature of the alleged irregularities.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
6B_487/2025: Obstruction of an official act, property damage, and sentencing in the context of a dangerous flight
Summary of the Facts
The complainant A.________ drove on August 20, 2022, with at least 1.31 weight-promille alcohol concentration in his blood and committed various serious traffic violations during a flight. He collided with a police vehicle, which incurred damage of CHF 18,176.85. The District Court of Baden sentenced him to a prison sentence of 27 months, of which 21 months were conditionally suspended, as well as a fine. The High Court of the Canton of Aargau increased the prison sentence to 3 years on appeal, granted conditional enforcement for 2 years, and revoked a previously granted conditional enforcement.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
7B_862/2025: Non-admission of the complaint against the discontinuation of a criminal proceeding
Summary of the Facts
The complainant filed a criminal complaint with the Federal Court against the non-admission decision of the High Court of the Canton of Aargau regarding the discontinuation of a criminal proceeding. The Federal Court examined the submission and found that the requirements for the reasoning of a complaint to the Federal Court were evidently not fulfilled, particularly regarding the complainant's standing.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
1C_680/2025: Non-admission of the complaint regarding public personnel law
Summary of the Facts
A.________ was a chemistry teacher at the Cantonal School B.________. His workload was reduced to 50% in 2023, which was later deemed unlawful by the Cantonal Court of Lucerne. The Cantonal School terminated the employment relationship on July 24, 2024, and denied any suspensive effect to a potential complaint. The Cantonal Court of Lucerne found in its ruling of October 1, 2025, that the termination was unlawful, but denied its nullity.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
1C_602/2025: Inadmissibility of the complaint against the decision of the government council
Summary of the Facts
The complainant, Stephan Werner Kocher, has challenged the voting results of the federal referendum of September 28, 2025, regarding the Federal Act on electronic identification and other electronic proofs (E-ID law). The voting complaint was dismissed by the cantonal government of Aargau, as far as it was considered.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
4A_581/2025: Tenant eviction
Summary of the Facts
The complainant was ordered by decision of the Civil Court of Basel-Stadt to vacate a rental apartment by no later than September 1, 2025. The Appeals Court of the Canton of Basel-Stadt dismissed the appeal filed against it. The complainant then filed a complaint with the Federal Court. No statements were requested.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
4A_155/2025: Validity of a settlement agreement in connection with medical liability
Summary of the Facts
A patient was severely injured during a surgical procedure in a clinic due to the erroneous use of highly concentrated acetic acid (98%). Following the severe complications, the clinic and the patient reached a settlement agreement for a payment of 1.5 million francs. The patient later declared the agreement void due to error and dolus and filed a civil lawsuit.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
4A_467/2025: Inadmissibility of the complaint due to failure to pay cost advance
Summary of the Facts
The complainant A.________ Sàrl filed a complaint on September 22, 2025, against a judgment of the Civil Appeals Court of the Cantonal Court of Vaud dated August 13, 2025. The matter concerns a work contract. The Federal Court instructed the complainant to make a cost advance payment within a set deadline. This payment was not made, leading the Federal Court to declare the complaint inadmissible.
The complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.