Latest Judgments of the Federal Court
Here you will find the most recent judgments of the Federal Court (BGer) from bger.ch. For the first three judgments, we present detailed summaries with facts, considerations, and dispositions. For the other judgments, you will find a summary of the factual background. The complete summaries of all judgments are available in the portal of Lexplorer. There you can configure your newsletter, and you will receive the latest judgments individually tailored to your areas of law.
1C_714/2025: Non-admission due to late filing of complaint
Summary of the facts
The subject of the dispute concerns the refusal of authorization to conduct a criminal investigation against employees of the city clerk's office and the debt collection office. The lower court, the High Court of the Canton of Zurich, refused the authorization in its decision of September 23, 2025. The Federal Court examined the timely submission of the complaint.
Summary of considerations
The complainant filed a criminal complaint against several employees of the city clerk's office and the debt collection office. After the files were forwarded by the public prosecutor's office of Zug and the public prosecutor's office of Limmattal/Albis, the High Court of the Canton of Zurich decided to refuse the authorization. The complaint to the Federal Court was submitted on November 26, 2025, which meant its timeliness had to be examined. According to Art. 44 para. 2 BGG, a judicial delivery is considered to have occurred in the event of an unsuccessful delivery attempt at the latest after seven days (delivery fiction). The delivery period began on October 4, 2025, and the complaint period ended according to Art. 100 para. 1 BGG on November 3, 2025. As the submission only occurred in November, the complaint was late, and it was not admitted. No costs were imposed on the complainant.
Summary of the disposition
The disposition stated that the complaint would not be considered, and no costs would be charged. The judgment will be delivered to the parties and the involved authorities.
4A_637/2024: Liability lawsuit against corporate bodies
Summary of the facts
The complainant A.________, former sole board member of C.________ SA, was sued by the respondent B.________ SA for damages based on an assignment according to Art. 260 SchKG. The damage is alleged to have been caused by the late registration of the bankruptcy of C.________ SA. The plaintiff was awarded damages of CHF 404,173.75. The lower court, the II Civil Chamber of the Cantonal Court of Ticino, dismissed A.________'s appeal and found that the court of first instance had correctly relied on Art. 42 para. 2 CO in calculating damages.
Summary of considerations
**E. 1**: The complainant correctly raised his claim according to the provisions of federal jurisprudence; however, the subsidiary reference to the constitutional complaint is irrelevant since the procedure is of a civil nature and the complaint in civil matters is generally permissible. **E. 2.1 to E. 2.2**: The Federal Court applies federal law ex officio (Art. 106 para. 1 BGG) but only examines violations of fundamental rights if they are sufficiently substantiated (Art. 106 para. 2 BGG). Appellatory criticisms are inadmissible. **E. 3 to E. 3.3**: The active legitimacy of the respondent as the assignee according to Art. 260 SchKG is confirmed, as it is entitled to assert rights of the bankruptcy estate. The complainant cannot successfully argue that the damage did not arise lawfully, as this cannot be raised as a defense against the claimed demand according to established case law. **E. 4 to E. 4.3**: The application of Art. 42 para. 2 CO by the lower court is reaffirmed, as the damage had to be estimated due to unclear account documents. The complainant is accused of not having provided sufficient evidence for his claims and in particular of not having presented a plausible argument against the evaluation of evidence by the court of first instance.
Summary of the disposition
The complaint was dismissed, the court costs were imposed, and a party compensation was established. Delivery was made to the party representatives and the lower court.
2C_62/2025: Judgment on the blocking of a domain due to unauthorized gambling
Summary of the facts
The A.________ SAS, a company based abroad, operates a platform for digital trading cards (NFT) and online games that allow for winnings under "A.________.com". The Intercantonal Gambling Supervision Authority Gespa ordered the blocking of the domain in Switzerland, as the offered online games are subject to approval. Complaints and objections against this were unsuccessful in the lower courts; A.________ SAS filed a complaint with the Federal Court.
Summary of considerations
The Federal Court examined the requirements for admission and found that the complaint was submitted in the correct form and on time. The lower court is considered inter-cantonal last-instance, so the complaint is admissible. The request to lift the blocking order directly was not considered due to the devolutive effect. The Federal Court applies the law ex officio and focuses on the alleged deficiencies unless obvious violations of the law exist. The Gambling Act (BGS) requires approval for certain games of chance to ensure their safety and public benefit. Online games without the corresponding approval must be blocked. The complainant did not dispute the economic dependence between the sold digital trading cards and the online games. The Federal Court confirmed the lower court's decision that a monetary stake and a monetary win exist within the meaning of Art. 3 lit. a BGS. Since the complainant did not have a valid approval for her games of chance, the Federal Court confirmed the legality of the domain blocking.
Summary of the disposition
The complaint is dismissed, and the court costs are imposed on the complainant. The judgment will be delivered to the procedural participants and the responsible authorities.
5D_51/2025: Decision on alleged denial of rights/delay in proceedings
Summary of the facts
The complainant filed a complaint for denial of rights or delay in proceedings against the Cantonal Court of Lucerne. The background was a dispute regarding two requests for recusal against judges of the District Court of Kriens, which were partially dismissed. The Cantonal Court of Lucerne decided on the matter, rendering the federal court proceedings moot.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
5A_914/2025: Inadmissibility
Summary of the facts
A.________ Sàrl was declared bankrupt by decision of October 3, 2025, by the President of the District Court La Côte with immediate effect. Against this decision, A.________ Sàrl filed a complaint with the cantonal court on October 9, 2025, and requested the provisional withdrawal of enforceability (effect of suspensive effect), which was denied by the President of the cantonal court on October 10, 2025. A.________ Sàrl then filed a complaint with the Federal Court on October 21, 2025.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
4A_312/2025: Inadmissibility of a complaint related to the blocking of the commercial register
Summary of the facts
The procedure concerns a dispute over ownership and control of A.________ AG and B.________ AG. Both parties claim to be sole shareholders of B.________ AG. A.________ AG filed a lawsuit at the Commercial Court of the Canton of Zurich and requested precautionary measures, including a blocking of the commercial register. The Commercial Court rejected A.________ AG's requests and instead granted the counter-request of the defendant, establishing commercial register blocks in favor of his registrations.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
1C_403/2024: Judgment regarding building permit for a mobile phone facility outside the building zone
Summary of the facts
Sunrise GmbH applied for the reconstruction of an existing mobile phone facility on a traffic area outside the building zone in the municipality of Lüsslingen-Nennigkofen, which required an exception permit under Art. 24 RPG. The objections raised against it, including from A.________, were rejected by the cantonal and municipal authorities. A.________ appealed the decisions to the Administrative Court of the Canton of Solothurn, which dismissed the complaints. With a complaint in public law to the Federal Court, A.________ requested the annulment of the building permit and the referral of the case back to the lower courts.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
7F_46/2025: Request for revision against a federal court judgment
Summary of the facts
The applicant A.________ requested the revision of the judgment of the Swiss Federal Court of July 15, 2025 (7B_415/2025). The Federal Court did not admit the applicant's complaint at that time due to an obvious lack of reasoning. In the request for revision, A.________ attempted to justify why the judgment should be reviewed.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
4D_226/2025: Non-admission of the complaint
Summary of the facts
The complainant filed a complaint with the Federal Court after the High Court of the Canton of Thurgau dismissed her complaint against a legal opening decision of the District Court of Frauenfeld. The subject of the dispute concerned the definitive legal opening.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
1C_670/2023: New construction of a two-family house in Sachseln: Complaint in public law
Summary of the facts
E.________ applied in 2019 for a building permit to construct a two-family house in Sachseln with deviation from the prescribed number of floors and distance regulations. The municipal council granted a building permit and the exception permits in 2020. Neighbors raised objections, which were ultimately dismissed by the municipal council and later by the Administrative Court. The government council revoked the permits, whereupon the Administrative Court upheld the complaint of the builder. The complainants approached the Federal Court.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
2C_247/2025: Judgment on the issuance of a residence permit (hardship application)
Summary of the facts
The complainant, an Iranian national, has been residing in Switzerland since 1986 due to an asylum application. He received a residence permit as part of a marriage to a Swiss citizen, which was later revoked due to professional fraud against social welfare authorities. Several attempts to obtain a residence permit or asylum status failed. Due to enforcement obstacles, he was granted provisional admission in 2022. The complainant applied again in 2023 for a residence permit based on hardship, which was denied.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
2C_685/2025: Decision on the reissuance of a residence permit – Non-admission due to obvious inadmissibility
Summary of the facts
The Kosovo national A.________, originally in possession of a residence permit EU/EFTA, which was lawfully revoked, applied for the reissuance of a residence and work permit in Switzerland. The application was rejected by the cantonal office for migration and integration. The cantonal authorities also rejected his objection and complaint against this decision. A.________ filed a complaint in public law with the Federal Court.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
2C_514/2025: Judgment on the non-renewal of the residence permit and expulsion
Summary of the facts
The Turkish national A.________ entered Switzerland in 2023 after marrying a settled compatriot in 2022. The marital relationship was separated on December 1, 2023. The migration office of the Canton of Solothurn denied him the extension of his residence permit and ordered his expulsion from Switzerland and the Schengen area. After an unsuccessful complaint to the Administrative Court of the Canton of Solothurn, he filed a complaint in public law with the Federal Court, which examined his application for a residence permit.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
2D_10/2024: Illegality of an award grant in public procurement
Summary of the facts
A.________ AG, as the second-placed bidder in the tender procedure of the municipality of St. Moritz for electrical installations high voltage, objected to the award to the ARGE B.________ due to violations by the member D.________ AG against provisions of the collective labor agreement. After an initial referral by the Federal Court, the Administrative Court of the Canton of Graubünden conducted additional factual investigations and again dismissed the complaint. It argued that the company D.________ AG had no knowledge of the later identified violations at the time of the award. A.________ AG filed a subsidiary constitutional complaint with the Federal Court, which classified the award as unlawful.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
5A_42/2025: Judgment on the division of property and cost consequences in divorce
Summary of the facts
The parties, A.________ (complainant) and B.________ (respondent), divorced after 20 years of marriage. The District Court of Zurich regulated the ancillary divorce consequences, including property claims, adult support, and post-marital support. A.________ contested the partial regulations, whereby the High Court of the Canton of Zurich reduced the post-marital support and dismissed the other points of the appeal. With the present complaint, A.________ questioned the property division and the cost consequences.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
2C_233/2025: Refusal to extend the residence permit of a Kosovo national after divorce
Summary of the facts
The Kosovo national A.________ lived in Switzerland since 2019 after marrying a Slovenian national and held a temporary residence permit. The marriage was divorced in 2023, and A.________ subsequently applied for an extension of his residence permit, which was rejected by the migration office of the Canton of Zurich. He appealed against the negative decisions of the security directorate and the Administrative Court of the Canton of Zurich to the Federal Court.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
7B_864/2025: Decision on the refusal to initiate proceedings and non-admission of a complaint
Summary of the facts
The Federal Court examined a complaint in criminal matters directed against the refusal to initiate proceedings by the Regional Public Prosecutor's Office Bern-Mittelland and the related decision of the High Court of the Canton of Bern. The complaint was deemed obviously inadmissible, as the prerequisites for legal standing were not met and no formal objections were raised. The applicant's request for free legal assistance was also rejected.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
9C_207/2025: Judgment on the challenge of a discretionary assessment
Summary of the facts
The A.________ AG (formerly B.________ AG) was in dispute with the cantonal tax office of Zurich over the discretionary assessment for the tax period 2021. The company had not submitted a timely tax return in either the Canton of Zurich or the Canton of Thurgau, despite reminders. Subsequently, the tax office of Zurich made a discretionary assessment, which was challenged by the company as null and void. The lower courts dismissed the objection due to late justification and other legal prerequisites. The point of contention before the Federal Court was the question of the nullity of the discretionary assessment by the tax office of Zurich.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
6B_365/2025: Serious bodily injury through negligence
Summary of the facts
On February 22, 2018, the employee C.________ suffered severe injuries in a workplace accident at the vineyard of A.________, resulting in the amputation of his right arm and part of his ear. The accident occurred while working with a prototype forestry machine, whose safety features had been removed. A.________ and B.________ were convicted of serious bodily injury through negligence.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
2C_436/2023: Decision regarding dog keeping and classification in the breed type list II in the Canton of Zurich
Summary of the facts
The complainant A.________ keeps his dog B.________ in the Canton of Zurich. Due to external characteristics, the dog was classified by the cantonal authorities into breed type list II, which includes potentially dangerous breeds and whose keeping is prohibited in the Canton of Zurich. The cantonal veterinary office ordered the definitive seizure of the dog unless A.________ relocates the dog within a deadline or removes it himself. A.________ contested this before the Federal Court, claiming that the classification was arbitrary and violated his fundamental right to personal freedom.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
1C_709/2025: Judgment regarding authorization procedure and recusal request
Summary of the facts
A.________ filed a criminal complaint and a subsequent supplementary request against B.________, a caseworker with prosecutorial powers. He also requested her recusal. The indictment chamber of the Canton of St. Gallen combined these procedures and refused the authorization for criminal prosecution as well as the treatment of the recusal request.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
2C_79/2025: Judgment regarding extension of study time and access to files under the Disability Equality Act
Summary of the facts
The complainant, A.________, suffers from cognitive impairments due to a traumatic brain injury and has been enrolled in the master's program in environmental sciences at ETH Zurich since 2019. After reaching the maximum study time, he applied for an extension of three and a half years under the Disability Equality Act (BehiG). ETH Zurich granted him a study time extension of two semesters and set conditions for a further extension. Additionally, A.________ requested access to files from previous procedures, which was denied. The Federal Administrative Court confirmed ETH Zurich's decision regarding the study time extension and dismissed the request for access to files.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
8C_334/2025: Causal connection in an accident with shoulder injuries
Summary of the facts
The respondent, A.________, suffered a workplace accident on September 23, 2021, when he fell on his right shoulder and back, resulting in contusions. The Swiss Accident Insurance (CNA) recognized benefits until June 5, 2022, but later denied further payment on the grounds that the health complaints no longer had a natural causal connection to the accident. Following a judicial expertise, the lower court nonetheless granted the respondent benefits until September 21, 2024. CNA filed a complaint against this.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
7B_866/2025: Judgment on the refusal to initiate proceedings in criminal matters
Summary of the facts
The complainant filed a complaint with the High Court of the Canton of Zurich against two refusals to initiate proceedings by the District Office of Pfäffikon, which were dismissed on August 22, 2025. The complainant then filed a complaint in criminal matters with the Federal Court.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
8F_17/2025: Non-admission of a request for revision regarding unemployment insurance
Summary of the facts
A.________ filed a request for revision with the Federal Court against its judgment of September 19, 2025 (8C_495/2025) concerning unemployment insurance. The applicant was requested to pay a cost advance of CHF 500.-, but he did not pay this either within the original deadline or within a granted extension.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
7B_991/2025: Inadmissibility of a late complaint against a refusal to initiate proceedings
Summary of the facts
The complainant filed a complaint with the Federal Court against the decision of the High Court of the Canton of Zug, I. Complaint Division, of August 19, 2025. This decision concerned the refusal to initiate a criminal proceeding by the public prosecutor's office of the Canton of Zug. However, the complainant's complaint was submitted late, resulting in non-admission.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
1C_713/2025: Decision regarding the authorization procedure
Summary of the facts
A.________ filed a criminal complaint against B.________, a former public prosecutor, and against employees of the cantonal police of St. Gallen. He accused them of arbitrariness, racism, and abuse of office. The indictment chamber of the Canton of St. Gallen refused the authorization to open a criminal proceeding.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
1C_310/2025: Judgment regarding a complaint against a road construction project with expropriations
Summary of the facts
The property owner A.________ is contesting a road construction project of the cantonal road No. 55 in the municipality of Wolfhalden, which involves renovation and expansion work and is associated with expropriations and temporary claims on her parcel. The lower courts, including the High Court of the Canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden, dismissed the complaint. A.________ contested this before the Federal Court with a complaint in public law.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
2C_676/2025: Decision regarding a supervisory complaint and the dismissal of a procedure due to withdrawal
Summary of the facts
The complainant A.________ had filed a supervisory complaint against lawyer B.________ with the Lawyer Commission of the Canton of Aargau, which was dismissed as unfounded. Her subsequent complaint to the Administrative Court of the Canton of Aargau was not substantively addressed, as she had no party rights as the complainant and was therefore not entitled. After she did not wish to pay her cost advance and ultimately withdrew the complaint, the Administrative Court dismissed the proceedings as completed without imposing procedural costs. The complainant appealed against this decision to the Federal Court.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
5A_784/2025: Inadmissibility of the complaint regarding the annulment of a bankruptcy decision
Summary of the facts
A.________ SA was declared bankrupt at the request of the Cassa cantonale di compensazione AVS/AI/IPG by the decision of the first-instance court on May 15, 2025. After an appeal was dismissed by the cantonal appeal authority, A.________ SA in liquidation filed a civil complaint with the Federal Court, aiming to refer the case back to the lower court for renewed consideration and to suspend the enforcement of the bankruptcy decision.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
5A_910/2025: Decision regarding alleged denial of rights/delay by the Cantonal Court of Lucerne in connection with a recusal request
Summary of the facts
The complainant was involved in several debt collection proceedings by B.________ AG and filed a lawsuit and complaint before the District Court of Kriens, presided over by two district judges. A request for recusal against the district judges was dismissed. The complainant then filed a complaint with the Cantonal Court of Lucerne, alleging denial of rights and delay. The Cantonal Court has since decided on the complaint, rendering the federal court proceedings moot.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
4A_556/2025: Non-admission of a complaint against an arbitration decision of the Tribunal Arbitral du Sport (TAS)
Summary of the facts
A professional football club filed a complaint against an arbitration decision of the Tribunal Arbitral du Sport (TAS), which confirmed a prior decision of the Players' Status Chamber of FIFA. The complaint was deemed obviously inadmissible by the Federal Court as it was not submitted in a timely manner.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
4A_510/2025: Non-admission of a complaint regarding a request for revision
Summary of the facts
The complainant criticizes a decision of the Cantonal Court of Lucerne of August 22, 2025, in which a request for revision was dismissed. The Federal Court examined the admissibility of the complaint and decided not to admit it due to lack of timely and sufficient justification.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
2C_127/2025: Revocation of a settlement permit and issuance of a residence permit
Summary of the facts
A.________, a Turkish national, has been residing in Switzerland since 1988 and has held a settlement permit since 1997. Due to various criminal convictions, significant debts, and ongoing reliance on social welfare, his settlement permit was revoked and replaced with a residence permit. A.________ cited health problems and contested the downgrade by the Office for Migration and Integration of the Canton of Aargau as well as the prior dismissal of his complaint with the Federal Court.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
8C_678/2025: Judgment regarding the complaint concerning precautionary measures in the field of unemployment insurance
Summary of the facts
The complainant requested precautionary measures in the course of a delay complaint procedure regarding the review of her entitlement to unemployment compensation. The cantonal court dismissed the request as the complainant had not fulfilled her duty to cooperate, the urgency was self-induced, and therefore no super-provisory measures appeared necessary.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
1C_687/2025: Judgment regarding the voting complaint concerning popular initiatives
Summary of the facts
The complainant A.________ filed a voting complaint with the government council of the Canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden regarding the popular votes of November 30, 2025, on two popular initiatives. She requested the cancellation of the votes or the annulment of the voting results. The government council dismissed her complaint to the extent that it considered it and set her procedural costs at CHF 500.--. A.________ then filed a complaint with the Federal Court and reiterated her legal requests.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
2C_350/2025: Decision on the downgrade of a residence permit to a settlement permit
Summary of the facts
A.________, a national of B.________ who has been living in Switzerland since 1990, held a settlement permit that was revoked by the migration service of the Canton of Neuchâtel due to his prolonged and significant reliance on social assistance (over CHF 382,000 in debt) and was replaced with a residence permit. The complainant unsuccessfully sought to maintain his settlement permit unconditionally and filed a complaint with the Federal Court against the downgrade of this permit until the end.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
1C_170/2025: Decision of the Federal Court regarding a building application outside the building zone (non-admission)
Summary of the facts
The complainant intended to make construction adjustments on a plot in the agricultural zone of the municipality of Seewis in the Prättigau. The original building permit was granted on December 4, 2020. Unauthorized construction work led to a construction stop. Repeated inspections and correspondence took place. The municipal council of Seewis rejected the application for the re-approval of the modified construction projects and ordered the restoration of the lawful state. The Administrative Court of the Canton of Graubünden dismissed the builder's complaint against this decision. The complainant then approached the Federal Court.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.
2C_242/2025: Complaint against the refusal of a declaratory decision and access to files by ETH Zurich
Summary of the facts
A.________, now excluded from the master's program, requested a declaratory decision on specific questions regarding organizational and study-related aspects at ETH Zurich as well as access to records of previous proceedings.
Complete summary of the judgment can be found in the portal.